Irsogladine is an anti-gastric ulcer agent that facilitates gap-junctional intercellular communication through M1 muscarininc acetylcholine receptor binding.

D-proline is an isomer of the naturally occurring amino acid L-Proline. D-amino acids have been found in relatively high abundance in human plasma and saliva. These amino acids may be of bacterial origin but there is also evidence that they are endogenously produced through amino acid racemase activity.

Pyriproxyfen is an insecticide that acts as a biomimetic of juvenile hormone.